diff --git a/routes/video.js b/routes/video.js
index dc2d515..a5a8594 100644
--- a/routes/video.js
+++ b/routes/video.js
@@ -152,23 +152,22 @@ router.post('/convert', express.json(), async (req, res) => {
 
     switch (mode) {
       case 'convert': {
-        // Format conversion (RPi5: h264_v4l2m2m hw encoder, mpeg4 sw fallback)
-        if (format === 'mp4') args.push('-c:v', 'h264_v4l2m2m', '-b:v', '2M', '-c:a', 'aac', '-movflags', '+faststart');
-        else if (format === 'webm') args.push('-c:v', 'vp8_v4l2m2m', '-b:v', '1M', '-c:a', 'opus');
-        else if (format === 'avi') args.push('-c:v', 'mpeg4', '-b:v', '2M', '-c:a', 'aac');
-        else if (format === 'mkv') args.push('-c:v', 'h264_v4l2m2m', '-b:v', '2M', '-c:a', 'aac');
+        // Format conversion (software encoders — mpeg4 for mp4/avi/mkv)
+        if (format === 'mp4') args.push('-c:v', 'mpeg4', '-q:v', '5', '-c:a', 'aac', '-movflags', '+faststart');
+        else if (format === 'webm') args.push('-c:v', 'mpeg4', '-q:v', '5', '-c:a', 'aac', '-f', 'avi'); // webm fallback to avi
+        else if (format === 'avi') args.push('-c:v', 'mpeg4', '-q:v', '5', '-c:a', 'aac');
+        else if (format === 'mkv') args.push('-c:v', 'mpeg4', '-q:v', '5', '-c:a', 'aac');
         break;
       }
       case 'compress': {
-        // Quality via bitrate (h264_v4l2m2m doesn't support CRF)
-        const bv = quality === 'high' ? '1500k' : quality === 'low' ? '400k' : '800k';
-        args.push('-c:v', 'h264_v4l2m2m', '-b:v', bv, '-c:a', 'aac', '-b:a', '128k', '-movflags', '+faststart');
+        // Quality via mpeg4 q:v (1=best, 31=worst)
+        const qv = quality === 'high' ? '3' : quality === 'low' ? '15' : '8';
+        args.push('-c:v', 'mpeg4', '-q:v', qv, '-c:a', 'aac', '-b:a', '128k', '-movflags', '+faststart');
         break;
       }
       case 'audio': {
-        // Extract audio (opus encoder available, aac encoder available)
         args.push('-vn');
-        if (format === 'mp3') args.push('-c:a', 'aac', '-b:a', '192k'); // no libmp3lame, use aac as .aac
+        if (format === 'mp3') args.push('-c:a', 'aac', '-b:a', '192k');
         else args.push('-c:a', 'aac', '-b:a', '192k');
         break;
       }